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as of November 20, 2009
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Asthma Corner

OVERVIEW

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

CAUSES/RISK FACTORS

Asthma is caused by inflammation in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways become tight and the lining of the air passages swell. This reduces the amount of air that can pass by, and can lead to wheezing sounds.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms vary, but may include:

-Wheezing
• Usually begins suddenly
• Comes in episodes
• May be worse at night or in early morning
• Gets worse with cold air, exercise, and heartburn (reflux)
• May go away on its own
• Is relieved by bronchodilators (drugs that open the airways)]
-Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) production
-Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity
-Intercostal retractions (pulling of the skin between the ribs when breathing)

Emergency symptoms may include:

-Extreme difficulty breathing
-Bluish color to the lips and face
-Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath
-Rapid pulse
-Sweating
-Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion, during an asthma attack

CARE/TREATMENT

Treatment is aimed at avoiding known allergens and respiratory irritants and controlling symptoms and airway inflammation through medication.

There are two basic kinds of medication for the treatment of asthma:

Long-term control medications are used on a regular basis to prevent attacks, not for treatment during an attack. Types include:

-Inhaled steroids prevent inflammation
-Leukotriene inhibitors
-Anti-IgE therapy, a medicine given by injection to patients with more severe asthma
-Long-acting bronchodilators help open airways

Quick relief, or rescue, medications are used to relieve symptoms during an attack. These include:

-Short-acting bronchodilators (inhalers)
-Corticosteroids given by mouth or into a vein

PREVENTION

Asthma symptoms can be substantially reduced by avoiding known allergens and respiratory irritants. If someone with asthma is sensitive to dust mites, exposure can be reduced by encasing mattresses and pillows in allergen-impermeable covers, removing carpets from bedrooms, and by vacuuming regularly. Exposure to dust mites and mold can be reduced by lowering indoor humidity.

Source

Real Stories, Expert Advice

Health Corner Videos: Asthma

Doctor Mom: Asthma Signs and Symptoms

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In the News: Asthma

Asthma A Significant Risk Factor For Complications In Children With H1N1

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 05:00:00 PST
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/171709.php

A new study on pediatric H1N1 influenza admissions has found that asthma is a significant risk factor for severe disease in children with pandemic H1N1 compared with the seasonal flu. The study (http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/rapidpdf/cmaj.091724), led by researchers from The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto, Ontario, is published online in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).

A Risk Factor In Childhood Asthma Symptoms May Be Mother's Depression

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 05:00:00 PST
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/171714.php

Asthma symptoms can worsen in children with depressed mothers, according to research from Johns Hopkins Children's Center published online in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology.

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